The Sphinx

The Sphinx. located in the Giza complex close to the Great Pyramid, is perhaps the most controversial structure in all Egypt. It is carved directly out of the surrounding stone of the plateau and many large blocks have been excavated around it to clear the area. The removed blocks were later used to build the Sphinx Temple that sits nearby. The Sphinx raises a number of interesting questions that beg for explanations but for the purpose of this work the only questions we really need to answers are: Who really built it? And; when was it done?
The Sphinx is believed by Academics to have been built by Khafre who was a son of Khufu and to have been constructed around 2450 BC. This is because in between the paws of the Sphinx there is a stele that bears the inscription ‘Khaf’. The theory is also said to be corroborated by several statues of Khafre that were found in the temple next to the sphinx and mainly because one of the statues was in the form of a sphinx. It is also said by many scholars that verification of who built the Sphinx is quite simple as the face depicted on the Statue is clearly that of Khafre and that this can be verified by a simple examination of the many statues, busts and carvings of Khafre that still exist today. But there are also serious and very obvious flaws with this theory. Investigations of the Facts Although both these theories are still presented to us as fact, the evidence we have been presented with to validate them both is flimsy and circumstantial at best. In reality, the theory that Khufu and Khafre were responsible for the monuments and that they were built as elaborate tombs has long been disproved. There is an abundant amount of new evidence to suggest otherwise and it is now well know by many scholars that the Pharaohs of Egypt were in fact, not the builders of the Giza complex. In truth, and contrary to common public belief, nothing has ever actually been found in any of them to confirm or even seriously suggest the pyramids were ever tombs in the first place. When examining the Sphinx we should take into account that the ancient Egyptians went to great pains to produce accurate depictions of their rulers and this can be seen in the various surviving statues we have of them. Many of these statues are quite detailed, even capturing facial expressions and the genuine non-symmetry and subtle variations between one side of the face and the other. It therefore seems safe to assume that they would have also have strived for a certain degree of accuracy when building statues. Using today’s face recognition techniques and computer technology several stark contrasts between the Sphinx and the face we know as Khafre become very apparent. But any layman can just apply basic geometry to compare the angles of the Sphinx to those of Khafre. Such comparison clearly shows that the profile of the Sphinx differs totally to that of Khafre. The angles and general shape of the profile is all wrong. At just a glance at the Sphinx, the cheeks are too prominent; the jawbone the wrong shape, the brow too pronounced and the ears too high.

This can then be confirmed further by observing the number of glaring differences that also become apparent when using the same simple geometry to compare the facial angles in the front views of the two faces. As we can see, the jaw is too wide, the mouth is wrong, the eyes are the wrong shape and the ears… ah yes those ears. It suffices to say: the two statues simply don’t look anything like each other. I mean, sure there’s one head with two eyes, two ears, one mouth, the remnants of a nose and the same standard Egyptian head dress but that’s where the similarities end. (The nose is thought to have been blown off by Napoleon’s forces, though this is also heavily debated.)

Then there is the stele bearing the name ‘Khaf’ standing between the paws of the Sphinx itself. This granite stele was erected to commemorate restoration work that was done on the monument by King Thutmose IV sometime between 1425 and 1417 BC. That this single syllable of ‘Khaf’ that appears on the stele should give Egyptologists reason to believe Khafre was the builder is somewhat bizarre because the very same stele also describes the entire Giza Necropolis as being a ‘Splendid Place of the First Time’ which of course associates the whole complex a far earlier epoch in Egypt’s history. There is also another stele at Giza called ‘the Inventory Stele’ which mentions Khufu building a temple and also mentions the Great Pyramid as being next to the Sphinx, which also indicates that both the sphinx and the pyramid were already there before Khufu’s time. Naturally, Egyptologists have branded the Inventory stele as a forgery because it is contrary to the orthodox theory, though they neglect to indicate who they think may have forged a 4500 year old stone stele or why. This same extraordinary approach has been seen with other stele as well, as in the case of the king list in which the bottom half of the list is said and has been proven to be genuine but the top half is said to be either a ‘forgery’ or ‘mythology’ or ‘mistaken.’ One of the main anchor points for the theory that Khufu was the builder the Great pyramid lies with an inscription bearing his name that was found in a small antechamber within the pyramid that had long been sealed. This inscription was seized upon as proof but has always been highly suspect and has been now confirmed as a forgery yet it is still used to validate the theory. The story of the inscription goes like this: In 1837 a man by the name of Colonel Howard Vyse and two  companions claimed to have found the remains of the Pharaoh Menkara inside the smaller Giza Pyramid thus proving at last who built it. However the real fact of the matter is that the mummy was a fraud, consisting of a 2000 year old coffin and some bones from the Christian era which had been assembled into a fraudulent ‘discovery.’ This fact is widely known by scholars and cannot be disputed by anyone yet it is almost never publicized. The fact that the inscription found inside the antechamber of the great pyramid was also found by Colonel Vyse in the same year should immediately give one pause, and yet we find that this fact is absolutely never publicized. Why? The forgery of the inscription has actually now been positively confirmed by the greatgrandson of a man who witnessed the actual event! The suspect nature of the inscription was mentioned by the Sumerian scholar Zechariah Sitchin in his book ‘The Stairway to Heaven’. A reader of the book then wrote to Sitchin confirming the forgery which he reported on in a later book entitled ‘The Wars of Gods and Men’ in which he says: “At the end of 1983, a reader of that book came forward to provide us with family records showing that his Great-Grandfather, a master mason named Humphries Brewer, who was engaged by Vyse to help use gunpowder to blast his way inside the pyramid, was an eyewitness to the forgery and, having objected to the deed, was expelled from the site and forced to leave Egypt altogether!”

It is therefore somewhat strange that still in 2006 any book on the Giza complex you may pick up released by mainstream Academia still states that the smaller Giza pyramid was built by the Pharaoh Menkara even though the fraud was exposed almost immediately is widely known about. It is interesting that smooth sided square based pyramids were never part of ancient Sumerian construction yet Sitchin also offers us pictorial evidence in the form of 6000 year old Mesopotamian Clay Tablets clearly depicting a smooth sided square based Pyramid during construction and celebrations after its completion and one clearly depicting the serpent symbol of the Sumerian God Enki presenting us with further proof that the monuments were known to the ancient Sumerians of 6000 years ago and of their far greater antiquity than is currently theorized. There is also documented evidence in 6000 year old Sumerian texts which mention the construction of an abode called the EN.KUR which translates as ‘House that like a Mountain Is’ and describes how the structure was eventually abandoned due to a conflict and had its cap-stone removed. These texts also mention the hurried hacking of an emergency shaft to rescue someone imprisoned inside the EN.KUR by huge sliding stones, which adequately explains three enigmas of the Great pyramid all in the one text! Clearly, if the pyramid was not known to the ancient Sumerians as we are told then they could not possibly be in possession of such accurate information that is also so unique to the structure.

In the extremely well researched book ‘The Keeper of Genesis’ released in 1996, the authors John Hancock and Robert Bauval present strong evidence to support the theory that the sphinx was not built in the image of Khafre. In the book, Hancock and Bauval even go so far as to employ the services of a forensic scientist who specializes in face recognition to compare the two faces. His comparison shows undeniable discrepancies between the two and also punches some more serious holes in the ‘Sphinx is Khafre’ theory. The two authors also present a very solid case in regards to dating the entire complex by examining the work of John Anthony West which raises serious geological questions about the entire Giza complex. In West’s excellent book “The
Serpent in the Sky” he also questions the alignments of the monuments, suggesting that these alignments were in no way incidental but rather, they held very significant and easily confirmable astronomical implications. This is an issue that was also raised in Robert Bauval’s book ‘The Orion Mystery.’ But in ‘The Keeper of Genesis’, and against a torrent of opposition from the academics, the authors of also put forth another bold theory that not only is the face on the Sphinx not that of Khafre, but based on overwhelming geological evidence, the Sphinx is in fact, much older than even the Great Pyramid.

The Date or not the Date?

The work done by West and Schoch and the claims made by Hancock and Bauval in the Keeper of Genesis at once produced a veritable storm of criticism from the Academic community. The notion that someone who held no Doctorate or degree would dare to present such an absurd theory infuriated them. They flatly proclaimed the authors to be wrong and refused to speculate any further on the possibility that the sphinx was not Khafre. They bluntly dismissed the idea of the sphinx being older than the great pyramid as ridiculous and I believe, also banned the entire party from further access into the Giza complex to conduct any more investigations. It is an interesting thing that any investigative team that tries to present a different theory on the Giza complex to that which is put forth by the general academic community is subsequently banned from further access to the site by the Society of Egyptology. It doesn’t sound like they feel very secure in their convictions and really don’t want people messing around with the ‘facts’. Science is supposed involve conclusions that are reached through the rational investigation of all of the theories and all of the evidence, not conclusions arrived at through the blind assumption of one theory as fact. No theory should ever be placed in a position where it is no longer open for debate, especially one so loosely based on circumstantial evidence and pertaining to a site of such significance that is still so full of mystery. But, unfortunately, in blatant disregard for the true advancement of genuine scientific research, the Society of Egyptology is quite adamant about
banning anyone with a new theory that doesn’t quite fit with their own. It seems that they are quite intent on keeping the real truth about the Giza complex very tightly under wraps indeed. It’s very difficult to understand how this type of attitude and behavior could be construed as an intelligent or scientific approach to solving the issue in any way and the reasons they may have for doing this will be discussed later. But for now, the relevant authorities simply say: the debate is closed because we already know, and can prove, who built them! This is of course a statement of either pure stupidity or blatant deception because as we have already shown, it is an
assumption based on very thin circumstantial evidence. If the truth be known, there is a far greater amount of much more conclusive evidence to dispute not only the theory, but that actually proves that Khufu and Khafre were in fact, not the builders. The problem that the authorities faced with is this: if Khufu and Khafre did not build them then who did? No one can show who it actually may have been. The authorities also refuse to consider that it may have been constructed long before 2500 BC because if it was, then history is presented
with a rather large gap of time between the civilization that built the complex and the civilization it has been attributed too, it is a large gap in history that cannot be readily explained without admitting our history is wrong and that an advanced civilization existed in antiquity. That is something they wish to avoid at all cost.
It is also a matter of some sensitivity for Egypt. At present they are able to say, “Look what our ancestors did! They built the greatest wonder on earth.” It is a matter of immense pride for them and understandable why they may not wish to concede that it is not strictly true, that Egypt in fact inherited the complex from a civilization that wasn’t actually theirs. But despite what Academia says about the Giza complex, overwhelming evidence exists to dispute the time frame we have been given for its construction. The Sphinx is very heavily eroded with horizontal grooves, punctuated by deep vertical fissures. Egypt’s top archeologist Dr. Zahi Hawass adamantly states that this massive amount of erosion was caused by desert winds. Now quite frankly, wind erosion is an extraordinarily strange claim to make, just in considering the history of the monument. The statue was actually buried in the sand for most of its life. It was uncovered sometime between 1417 and 1425 BC by King Thutmose IV but was soon covered again by the desert sands. It was still buried up to its neck when Napoleon arrived in 1798 and remained so until it was partially cleared again in 1817 and still more in 1858 and 1885. But it was not fully exposed until 1926. So there really wasn’t a great deal of time for all
of this wind erosion to have occurred. But even with it being covered for so long, according to estimates based the figures Dr. Hawass has provided for the rate of this erosion, if it were indeed a fact, then the Sphinx should be all but gone by now, or wafer thin at the very least. There is also the disturbing fact that the deep vertical fissures are quite clearly the results of water erosion caused by prolonged exposure to precipitation. Naturally, any of these telltale fissures that appear on the actual monument are being hurriedly covered by new ‘restoration’ work that is being carried out. But even with this new work, there can be no doubt whatsoever that the erosion seen on the monument was in fact, caused by water.

Hancock and Bauval sum it up nicely in ‘The Keeper of Genesis’: “The weathering patterns, which have been studied by geologists from Boston University, have been identified as having been caused by prolonged exposure to heavy rains. In 2500 BC when Egyptologists presume that the sphinx was built, Egypt was as bone dry as it is today. Between 15000 and 7000 BC, however, the science of palaeo-climatology indicates that Egypt several times passed through periods of wet climate which could have caused weathering patterns such as these. “The trench surrounding the Great Sphinx which was created at the same time that the sphinx
was carved, very clearly indicates the rolling scalloped ‘coves’ and very deep vertical fissures characteristic of precipitation-induced weathering in limestone. “The sciences of geology and palaeo-climatology alone, however, can only demonstrate that the sphinx and its enclosure are much older than previously thought. Archeo-astronomical analysis provides a far more accurate tool for dating the sphinx” The work done by West and Schoch clearly demonstrates beyond any doubt that the massive amount of erosion visible on the Sphinx was indeed caused by water. The somewhat controversial issue of the Sphinx bearing signs of water erosion was actually first raised by a French Egyptologist named Schwaller de Lubizc who’s theory was considered to be much too contentious at the time and was also hurriedly dismissed. The Academic community chooses to completely disregard this indisputable evidence of water erosion because it poses an enormous problem for them. It’s universally agreed that Egypt has been subject to severe flooding in the past but geological studies of the area show that the last time there were any rains or floods in Egypt, of a magnitude to cause the type of erosion that can be found on the sphinx, was between 7,000 and 15,000 years ago and that just doesn’t help their cause at all because it actually proves their theory to be irrefutably erroneous.

Now just think about all that for a moment. These types of standard geological tests are used to date the last flood in the area and hundreds of other sites around the world and the results are accepted. Yet when exactly the same tests are used and they irrefutably prove the erosion on the Sphinx and its enclosure was very clearly created by water, but the results are dismissed and the entire debate on the issue is not mentioned to the public. Did you see that? In the blink of an eye and a quick bit of ‘scientific sleight of hand’, one set of standard geological tests is to be accepted while another set of identical test is to be disregarded. Simply because it’s not an issue when the last torrential rains occurred in Egypt, but it is an issue to say the Sphinx may have been there at the time because if it was there it would prove them wrong, so they simply disallow the test. And if someone does one behind their back, well then the test is disregarded and if they complain, it’s back to the doctorate waving and personal attacks as the last line of defense. And let’s face it folks, it’s really the only defense they have. The fact that no such erosion is visible anywhere on the pyramids is also a serious issue for contention because that means that the Sphinx may have even been there before the Great Pyramid, in fact well before it. This is also an arena that Egyptologists view as very dangerous ground and flatly refuse to enter in to. Any attempt to raise the issue invariably produces a wave of scathing and usually very personal and unscientific attacks punctuated by numerous brandishing of degrees. Of course one must remember that the pyramids were all encased with smooth, weathered and much hardened limestone and that this may well have served for protection of the 3 monuments during any great rains or floods thus preventing any visible signs of water erosion while the Sphinx would have been left exposed to any damaging flood waters However, according to West and others, the entire Giza complex can be accurately dated by simply studying the astronomical alignments of the various monuments. The reason astronomy can so easily be used for this task is because astronomy, ritual and reincarnation were such very important parts of the Egyptian belief system and many believe the basis of the entire Ancient Egyptian culture. The Egyptians believed heavily in the duality between heaven and earth and they considered the kingdom of the god Osiris to be a very specific
place in the heavens. This duality and the nature of the Duat itself are very well explained in a book entitled ‘Initiation’ by Elizabeth Hiach. In the book Hiach aptly explains the Egyptian reincarnation beliefs which included the various levels of discipline that must be attained in order to reach the ‘ship/house/place/planet of millions of years’. Hiach believes that the pyramid featured very significantly in this process and that the Kings Chamber was actually an initiation chamber. She says that the initiate who had attained high enough level of enlightenment could lie in the actual sarcophagus and be able to ‘meditate’ through all of their incarnations  without the need of living them enabling them to then reach their final incarnation with the Gods who reside within the Duat.

Hiach claims that the shape of the pyramid and the unusual placement of the blocks within the ceiling of the Kings Chamber are designed in such a way that certain cosmic energies are channeled through the stonework and concentrated at one end of the sarcophagus. The centre of this concentrated energy lies precisely where a person’s pineal gland would be if they were laying in the enclosure. (The pineal gland lies at the front centre section of the brain between the frontal lobes, kind of between and behind the eyes, and seems to serve no real biological function. The gland is also known as ‘the third eye,’ in eastern cultures and is believed to be our highest spiritual receptor when awakened. It is also often referred to as ‘the impaired eye’.) Such a theory is not entirely without interest as unusual concentrations of energies within the Kings Chamber have actually been reported by various people and it is quite strange for the roof of the Chamber to have been constructed in such a fashion as it serves no purpose in regards to strengthening the structure and seems like it would have been an awful lot of trouble to build. (The cavities were hidden within the structure until they were found  during excavation in search of treasures.) It is thought that the ancient Egyptians believed the Duat to be a place where man could live in immortality with the Gods and that the soul of a man could reach this place through knowledge and ritual. Many believe that they also believed that the Duat was a specific place in the sky, namely the stars of Sirius and Orion’s belt. Hancock and Bauval believe the Giza structures were built as an Earthly representation of the Duat and placed in a way that would intentionally mirror the duat on the earth at the time of construction.

 As is known to us and was also known to the ancient Egyptians, due to axial wobble, the earth experiences a gradual movement of the stars across the skies. This gradual movement is called ‘the precession of the equinoxes’ and is what gives us the changing signs of the zodiac. This precession can be calculated by marking the slow rotation of the stars against the vernal equinox. It takes 2160 years for one house of the zodiac to move completely past the vernal point. An entire precession through all the signs of the zodiac takes 29,920 years to complete. Hancock and Bauval used a computer model to simulate this axial wobble and determine exactly when the Giza complex would represent an accurate depiction of the duat of earth. In the Keeper of Genesis they had this to say: “What is required in order to achieve the ideal ground-sky arrangement, is somehow to ‘rotate’ the heavens in an anti-clockwise direction… The vast engine of the earth’s axial wobble offers us a mechanism by which this can be done: we need only instruct our computer to track the precessionally induced movements of the stars backwards in time.” “As it does so, millennium by millennium, we observe that the orientation of Orion’s belt at culmination is slowly rotating anti-clockwise and thus approaching ever closer to our desired meridian to meridian match. It is not until 10,000 BC however – 8000 years before the ‘Pyramid Age’ that the perfect correlation is finally achieved with the Nile mirroring the Milky Way and the three Pyramids and the three belt identically disposed to the same meridian” It is only in this epoch that we can find a perfect ground to sky correlation and it is also the only time when the sphinx would have gazed at his own celestial counterpart of Leo as it rose on the vernal point. Hancock and Bauval go on to say: “There is a feature of this 10,500 BC correlation which suggests strongly that coincidence is
not involved. The pattern that is frozen into monumental architecture in the form of the pyramids marks a very significant moment in the 25,920 year procession cycle of the three stars of Orion’s belt – one that is unlikely to have been selected at random by the Pyramid builders… The question reduces to this: is it a coincidence, that the Giza necropolis as it has reached us today out of the darkness of antiquity, is still dominated by a huge equinoctial lion statue at the east of its horizon and by three gigantic pyramids disposed about its meridian in the distinctive manner of the three stars of Orion’s belt in 10,500 BC?” “And is it also coincidence that the monuments in this amazing astronomical theme park manage to work together – almost as though geared, like the cogs-wheels of a clock – to tell the same time?” When this information was coupled with the West and Schoch water erosion evidence, the picture was complete for them. But when West and Schoch completed testing their theory and first excitedly announced the results of their investigations to the world, the outcry was almost deafening and the barrage of criticism overwhelming. Egypt’s top Archeologist Dr. Zahi Hawass and another renowned Egyptologist Dr. Mark Lehner, who is considered the world foremost authority on the Sphinx were quick to launch scathing personal attacks on the pair and publicly discredited the theory as much as possible. Dr. Lehner even went so far as to accuse West and Schoch of being “ignorant and insensitive”.
Now just think about that for a moment – science, insensitive? It is a somewhat unusual remark to come from a scientist don’t you think? His sole intent was to remove the issue from the scientific arena and place it on a more personal playing field. As usual in many such cases it was a public display of a most unscientific attitude that completely failed to address any of the evidence that was being presented. The whole affair was similar to a school boy who had a drawing criticized by one of his peers rather than a scientist debating evidence, for heavens sake… “insensitive’? Get some sort of a scientific grip! These personal attacks we are now seeing so frequently are actually a highly political strategy that has recently been adopted by Academia and are fast becoming the standard final move. The method is often employed by cunning Politicians when losing an argument. If an issue becomes too obvious to argue against, the best tactic is to discredit anyone who dares to call ‘that which is accepted’ into question thereby shifting attention away from the actual issue and turning it into a more personalized attack against the presenter. It’s the ‘Emperor’s New Clothes Syndrome’ In the case of the Giza complex, rather than having to argue a case they are aware they could not possibly win, Hawass and Lehner again simply invoked the demeanor of ‘untouchable authority’ that is presumed by their positions in the academic hierarchy. It should be mentioned here that Anthony West himself actually holds no credentials, being a self-taught archeologist and so is not part of the “club” so to speak. Though even with this being the case, his research on the Sphinx was nothing short of excellent and his finding were backed up by a considerable amount of scientific, geological and astronomical data. (It probably should also be pointed out that Albert Einstein was just a patent clerk when he destroyed many of Newton’s theories – back then, intelligence was intelligence. Things are not quite that simple now.) Shortly after the theory was put forth, the American Association for the Advancement of Science invited a debate on the issue, but only Lehner and Schoch were allowed to participate while West, who held most of the evidence, was not, due to his lack of credentials. As was discussed in chapter one, this is another method the Academic community constantly employs to keep credible new information and theories out of the public information loop: Academia decrees that only people with Degrees and Doctorates are permitted to practice science and they have two very important and quite simple filters in place to ensure that independent research is suppressed: One; Credentials; and Two; Peer Review; because no matter what your evidence or theories are, nothing gets past peer review, but you cannot receive peer review without first having credentials but of course in order to get credentials you need to tow the party line and embrace the accepted theories or you simply won’t get your degree in the first place. So what do you do? Remember Catch 22? It’s actually quite brilliant in its simplicity – in some scary way. Again this is a ridiculous and extraordinarily unscientific approach to science because science
is something that anyone can study and learn. All that is needed is for one to possess a keen and analytical mind. A person does not need a degree to educate oneself or record facts, or to conduct experiments, observe their outcomes and think about them in a critical way. In a truly free and open society where the pursuit of true knowledge is nurtured, science, by its very basic fabric, needs to be part of the free democratic process and all theories examined. Science was never designed to be an ‘elitist club’ presided over by closed minds. Such behavior is truly irresponsible and can only ever serve as a hindrance to legitimate research and the genuine pursuit of real truths. Science cannot properly function as an Authoritarian Regime. The thing is that the entire debate over the real age of the pyramids and the Sphinx could very easily be put to rest once and for all if the Egyptologists really wanted to settle the dispute. They simply need to hire a team of independent and impartial investigators to either prove or disprove the theory once and for all. Why hasn’t this been done? And why are they so against anyone doing it? The answer is so blatantly obvious that the question doesn’t really need asking. It’s because they know their theory is totally wrong! And they know that any real study into the site will prove this and then our whole theory of history will come crashing down. That is why they go to such extraordinary lengths to prevent anyone from conducting tests that they know will prove them wrong. And don’t let’s forget that it’s the theories of Dr. Hawass and Dr. Lehner that are being threatened here and it is they who are the ones who virtually control all Egyptology. Imagine their embarrassment if it could be publicly demonstrated that they were both incorrect in their theories? And not only that but it would seem they are also quite aware of the facts but still continually go to extraordinary lengths to keep the real truth hidden from public view. I think it’s high time the world asked them to present the evidence that proves them correct and demonstrate to us how it outweighs the far more abundant evidence that proves them wrong
because so far, their theories have never been independently and publicly scrutinized. The good Doctors have simply brandished their credentials and their arguments have been taken at face value and simply accepted without the need for them to present any corroborating proof. This type of approach to science is unacceptable and can in no way be construed as serious research. The fact of the matter is that the entire Giza complex is a complete mystery and probably still remains so simply because Egyptologists will not open it up to serious research. The time frame Academia has provided for construction of the monuments makes no sense at all. The pyramids were an incredible architectural achievement and yet the quality of all subsequent constructions in the area steadily declined. Don’t builders usually improve with experience? Why then does the opposite apply in Egypt? The simple truth is that the site was not built by them. John Anthony actually summed the whole thing up very eloquently in his book ‘Serpent in the Sky’: “Every aspect of Egyptian knowledge seems to have been complete at the very beginning. The sciences, artistic and architectural techniques and the hieroglyphic system show virtually no signs of a period of development; indeed, many of the achievements of the earliest dynasties were never surpassed, or even equaled later on. This astonishing fact is readily admitted by orthodox Egyptologists but the magnitude of the mystery it poses is skillfully understated, while its many implications go unquestioned. How does a civilization spring, full blown into being? Look at the 1905 automobile and compare it to a modern one. There is no mistaking the process of
‘development,’ but in Egypt there are no parallels. Everything is right there at the beginning. The answer to the mystery is of course obvious, but because it is repellent to the prevailing cast of modern thinking, it is seldom seriously considered. Egyptian civilization was not a ‘development’ but a legacy.” Academics like Dr. Lehner dispute the age of the pyramids or Sphinx as being circa 10,500 BC because they simply say that Man had no civilization at that period of our history and maybe they’re right. But what if it was not the civilization of man who constructed them? What if they were actually constructed by those who all the ancient tales tell us they were? What if they were built by the ancient rulers who were thought of as Gods? In fact the actual builders and true function of the great pyramid may be far more controversial and amazing than anyone could have imagined and this will be discussed later in this book but for now the discussion will turn to how it may well have been done. 

The Egyptian Pyramid

In any list of strange and unusual artifacts one of the first things that comes to mind is, of course, the Great Pyramid in Egypt. The Pyramid has been the source of endless theories, ideas, rumors and speculation. Amazing powers have even been attributed to it. Though many theories have been put forward as to how the pyramid was built, under scrutiny, none presented so far have proved able to be adequate. It has been theorized to have been built to serve as everything from a tomb, to an initiation chamber, to a cosmic beacon, to a giant water pump and many other things besides. Endless books have been written on it and endless theories argued. Indeed the entire Giza Valley Complex is quite remarkable and there are many mysteries surrounding the entire Necropolis; its uses and construction.

The Great Pyramid is the largest and most controversial of the three large Giza Pyramids. It stands at one side of the three. It’s not the one in the middle with the limestone casing still intact near its summit as many erroneously believe but is in fact the pyramid behind that one, the one that has been completely stripped of its limestone casing and is missing the cap stone (The missing cap stone is an intriguing mystery all on its own). But before we continue, some facts about the Great Pyramid must be taken into account, if only to answer the question: Why all the debate? So please first consider these rather interesting points: The Great Pyramid (fig.71) is about as high as a 40 story building and contains an estimated 23 million blocks of rectangular limestone, each weighing an average of 2.5 tons (though the exact number is still an issue for contention and recent x-rays have revealed there actually may be as little a half that amount). The blocks are fitted together so precisely that a thin knife blade cannot be inserted between any of them. In its finished state it was covered with smooth limestone casing 

stones which created a surface that weathered to harden and become smoother and shinier with age causing the pyramid to reflect the Sun and shine brightly from a distance. Napoleon described it as shining like a diamond on the distant horizon. It is said that in those days it was actually visible from Palestine. Its sides rise up from the ground at a uniform 51 degrees and it is almost perfectly square and level. So great is its accuracy that no other structure that has been built, either before or since, is comparable to it. Even those buildings constructed recently using modern laser methods cannot equal the accuracy of this single ancient stonestructure. The method employed to square and level the base prior to commencing its construction is also a total mystery because, to make matters even more difficult, a large hump of bedrock exists near the center of the base of the Pyramid which actually protrudes into the mass of the pyramid itself. This hump of protruding bedrock is nowhere near level which means that a standard 4, 5, 6 method of squaring the base could not have been used, and yet the first layer of blocks have been laid directly and fitted perfectly onto this bedrock base to create a perfectly level second layer. The Great Pyramid is accurately aligned to True North, not Magnetic North (which would have been a lot easier) more accurately that any other existing structure built either before or since. Creating various equations using its measurements produce results that give us the distance from the Earth to the Sun, The distance from the Earth to the Moon, The diameter of the Earth, The Radius of the Earth at the equator, The length of the solar, sidereal and anomalistic years and the mathematical formula of Pi, thousands of years before it was discovered - just to name a few.

If it is indeed a tomb as we are told then the Great Pyramid has also somehow been constructed in the most difficult way imaginable, even to the extent that it would appear the builders were looking for the hardest way possible to build a structure. The building and layout of the stone blocks is indeed so remarkable with the blocks fitted together to such a degree of precision and in such an unusual fashion that even the most sophisticated, scientifically minded construction teams have not been able to replicate it (even a scientific team who tried using Laser cut Styrofoam and glue). It contains so much stone that it could swallow within its structure, all of Saint Paul’s Cathedral, Westminster Abbey in London, Saint Peter’s in Rome, and the Cathedrals of Florence and Milan without even bulging at the sides. The sides of the Great Pyramid are not flat. There is actually a slight indentation that runs up the middle of each side starting in a flat triangular section in the middle of each side.These indentations were not noticed until the mid 20th century when an aerial photograph was taken of the pyramid. These new points have provided scholars with new points of reference for various measurements but they also raise some more intriguing questions. Remember, the Great Pyramid used to be covered with a polished limestone casing that was flat and smooth, completely obscuring these indentations. So why on earth were they put there in the first place? And then, after completing such a feat of perfect construction, why then cover them up with casing stones? What on earth was the point to such an exercise? However, because the indents are there, we can now measure from one corner to the other ie: A – B, we can measure across the bend to all points ie: A – D – E – B and we can measure from one corner to the top of the flat triangle to the other corner ie: A – C – B. Please note that all measurements are done in pyramid inches and sacred cubits. A pyramid inch is .0011 larger than a standard inch while one sacred cubit is 25 pyramid inches. This method of measurement is only found at Giza, the U.S.A and Stonehenge and is the same method of measurement that is used and described in the bible for such things as the two arks.
Interestingly, the distance between points A – B is 365.242 sacred cubits, the exact length of the solar year. The distance across the indentation between points A – D – E – B is 365.256 cubits, the exact length of the sidereal year. The distance between points A – C – B is 365.259 the exact time it takes from earth to return to its perihelion, the anomalistic year. When a circle is made by using the arc created by the indentation, the circumference of the circle is the same as the circumference of the earth at the equator. And yet the casing stone were flat! Why were these incredibly accurate measurements purposely contained in the stonework beneath them? In the ‘King Chamber’ is a hollowed out stone block rising from the stone of the chamber floor that appears to have been fashioned by an as yet unknown means that we are told was where the sarcophagus would have lay. Because of the placement of the stone blocks, passage ways and hollow spaces above the chamber the room is extremely resonant, causing the entire pyramid to ring like an enormous bell when this hollow stone block is struck. What purpose does all this serve? Coincidence? Still an impossible feat of engineering by today’s standards, the Great Pyramid just stands there elegantly and defiantly before us, an absolute marvel of construction and mathematics, a complete mystery and a true wonder, by any measure. So how did it all get there? Who built it? How was it done and why was it built at all? Why on earth go to so much trouble and use such a bizarre and difficult design? And why incorporate so much mathematic, scientific and astronomical information into its measurements? The Great Pyramid is commonly believed to be the work of the Pharaoh Khufu also known as Cheops. Construction of the Pyramid is said to have taken place during the reign of Khufu about 4500 years BP at around 2500 BC while the Sphinx is thought to have been constructed at a later date, presumably within Khufu’s son Khafre’s life time. Therefore the Pyramid is presumed to be slightly older than the Sphinx. We are told that the smaller pyramid of three found at the Giza complex was built by the Pharaoh Menkara. These are the mostly accepted theories and indeed are widely taught as fact by Egyptologists and in schools throughout the world. Some of the main reasons given for coming to these conclusions and believing that the timeline of 2500 BC is correct are as follows: There exists in the Giza valley near to the Great Pyramid, a Stele that mentions the name of Khufu. The Pyramid is said to be the final rest resting place for Khufu, though no remains have ever been reported to have been found inside. There is also an inscription within the Pyramid itself, located on a wall in a small ante chamber in a roof section above the Kings Chamber appearing in a manner similar to graffiti which also bears the name Khufu. There was a Mummy retrieved from the smaller pyramid in 1837 that was reported to be the remains of Menkara that is also widely believed to validate the theories. But there are serious problems with this reasoning.

The Mercator Map of 1538

And even yet another intriguing map is one drawn in 1538 by Mercator, another highly respected cartographer who lived in the 16th century. His works are quite famous and you can still buy a Mercator atlas in shops today. Mercator was known to periodically update is works and produce a new, more definitive world atlas as more shores became charted and more accurate charts become available to him. In doing such an update, his 1538 world map (fig.5) was replaced by a new one in 1569. However we now know that not only was his 1538 map far more accurate than the latter one but what proved to be even more amazing was that it also contained correct measurements of longitude. To put all this mention of longitude into some sort of perspective for you: Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian. Due to the Earths rotation, it is far harder to calculate longitude than it is latitude, which can be measured by using the stars or the sun for observation. To calculate Longitude, requires an equation of ‘distance = speed x time’ and, most importantly, an accurate clock. Discovering longitude was once described as "greatest of all naval problems" and in the 1700’s an actual Board of Longitude was set up in England to solve the issue. In 1714, Sir Isaac Newton appeared before the board and explained that the real problem was that "a watch required for such accuracy has not yet been invented". The Queen then offered a prize of 20,000 pounds to any man who might build such a device and finally, in 1761, a man by the name of Harrison claimed the prize and put forth his prototype chronometer which then "ushered in a new era of sea travel" for the world. During the 19th century maps then began being updated with the correct degrees of longitude. However Mercator’s map of 1538 was marked with correct longitude a full 223 years before it was discovered. Where was he able to gain that information from? It is obvious that Mercator himself had no real knowledge of longitude at the time and must have borrowed or been given the information from another source because he then updated his subsequent maps incorrectly with what was considered to be more recent and therefore, supposedly more reliable information. These maps constitute some extremely significant evidence indeed, for if ancient man had never circumnavigated the globe or possessed any knowledge of longitude then how can any of these maps exist?

The Franco Rosselli map of 1508

Franco Rosselli was a renowned Florentine cartographer of the 15th century who created a relatively small but richly illustrated copperplate engraving, hand colored on Vellum, measuring just 6 x 11 inches (fig.4).The piece is now kept in the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich. At the time Rosselli created the map, cartography was still a relatively new and experimental art which makes the revelations in his world map even more amazing. The maps depiction of Antarctica is a work of great accuracy and even names the area quite specifically as Antarticus. The details on the Rosselli map are extremely well painted and as with the previous maps, geographical features such as the Ross Sea and Wilkes Land are particularly easy to identify on it. Again, what is so perplexing about this extraordinary map is the year it was painted in 1508. According to our history this is a full three and a half centuries before Antarctica was discovered. And yet here again we have Antarctica depicted accurately on a 15th century Florentine map.

The Bauche Map of 1737

Phillip Bauche was a French geographer of the 18th century who also drew a map that clearly shows Antarctica except that Bauche's map shows Antarctica two separate land masses, with detailed shorelines (fig.3). For many years the map was generally considered to be wrong because when Antarctica was discovered it actually looked nothing what Bauche had drawn. Then in 1958 a seismic survey of Antarctica was carried out which surprisingly showed that Antarctica was indeed two archipelago islands covered by a thick layer of ice that made it appear as only one land mass and not only that, but that the general topography of the lands beneath the ice matches the drawings on the Bauche map in every detail. So how on earth this can be in any way possible? This map means that Bauche was in possession of a correct map showing Antarctica 100 years before it was discovered and not only that, but without any ice on it. Antarctica has not been in an ice free condition for a minimum of at least 10,000 years and many scientists believe that the period of time to be more like several million years.

The Orontius Finaeus Map of 1531

The Orontius Finaeus map (fig.2) was found in 1960 by Charles Hapgood and it too, apparently shows the continent of Antarctica along with the accurate outlines of Antarctic rivers that are now covered by thick glaciers. The map was found in the Library of Congress in Washington DC where it had been sitting unstudied for a great many years. In the map the continent and coastline is shown to be ice free and, like the Piri Reis map, it too shows an accurate depiction of the Ross Sea which today is totally hidden beneath a floating ice shelf several hundred meters thick. Studies of actual core samples taken from the Antarctic ice shelf have also clearly revealed numerous layers of strata in the ice showing that the area has indeed gone through several periods of dramatic environmental change. Some sedimentary deposits that were found in the samples were from sea water that had flowed into the area and were even actually datable. The tests show that the sediments were deposited sometime around 4000 years ago which indicates that the Ross Sea would have had to have been flowing and free from ice at the time for the deposits to have occurred.

The Piri Reis Map of 1513

In 1929 there was an amazing map discovered in the Imperial Archives at Constantinople that had been sitting, virtually unexamined, for years. The map (Fig.1), which had been drawn in 1513 by a Turkish Admiral named Piri Reis, showed North America, South America, Greenland and Antarctica. However what is so perplexing about this map is that Antarctica had not been discovered in 1513. Antarctica was not located until 1820 and America had only been discovered in 1492, a mere 21 years prior to the maps creation and yet it is mapped quite accurately. Remarkably, the map also depicts several land masses bearing their correct longitudes even though longitude itself was not discovered until the late 1700’s either. Reis had been a famous Turkish Admiral of the 16th Century. He had a passion for maps, He loved cartography and was a highly experienced and respected mariner. In his day, he was considered to be an expert on all Mediterranean Lands and Coastlines and also held high in the favors of the Turkish court. Such a noble status enabled him to enjoy privileged access to the Imperial Library at Constantinople and he spent much of his spare time there. In his notes Reis said that he had based his map on several much older maps he had seen at the library, including Fig.1 one that Columbus is reported to have viewed prior to his voyage to the Americas. The map in question was said to have been captured from the Spaniards in a naval engagement and later given to the admiral by a Spanish prisoner who had apparently sailed on three of Columbus's New World voyages! Many scholars have indeed suspected that Columbus was in possession of a map and already knew of the existence of America before embarking on his famous ‘voyage of discovery’. Reis also wrote a well known Turkish book on sailing called ‘Kitababi Bahriye’ in which he gives detailed and accurate descriptions of the coastlines, harbors, bays, currents, shallows and straits of the Mediterranean and Aegean Seas. He was beheaded by the Turkish Court in 1554 or 1555 for reasons now unknown. In case you can’t see it, That’s the top piece of  Africa on the top right of the map and the tip of south America reaching out to it from the left side of the map, running up through the gulf of Mexico and up to Nth. America. The tip of Antarctica can be seen sticking up on the bottom right. Another interesting point to this map is the strange layout of the South American continent which looks sort of stretched out of shape. However, viewing the sphere of earth from space accurately produces this type of view. Funny that…

Riddles from the Past

It all started for me when I came to Egypt I saw the Great Pyramid. I was told their are tombs. 100 000 slaves build this Pyramid. But I saw things it was not logical, it did'nt fit. In that moment I was hooked on our mysterious past. From that moment, all interest from what I have learned was gone and for hours I would pore over my Computer on the Internet. I already studied the Torah and the Gospel. So I started to study the Quran. (the Quran say:"If you want to have a complete knowledge, you have to study all 3 books". I couldn’t understand much of the text, but the ancient mysterious absorbed me totally. Where do we come from I wondered? Does mankind really have an unknown history that has been lost or forgotten? Could there really have been an advanced civilization in far ancient times, before our recorded history? The questions and debates on the issue have raged for years. When asked, most scholars will tell you that it’s a nice idea, but fanciful at best and there is really no hard evidence to show that such a civilization ever really existed. However, many others will argue that there is actually a significant body of evidence that does exist that simply cannot be explained away. So what are the realities? What kind of evidence are we talking about? Just a bunch of weird cave paintings and esoteric theories by strange people, or is there something more tangible? To be perfectly honest about it, anthropological evidence, however convincing, is always circumstantial, while legends and myths without evidence are questionable at best and naturally open to individual interpretation, so we must look for further corroboration. When we do, we find that there is in fact, a large and ever growing body of hard physical evidence that goes a long way towards disproving what we have been led to believe. This evidence tells us that either the history we are taught of the earths is wrong, or the history we are taught of mankind’s development is wrong – or both. The reality of this is fast becoming far too great to deny and still more evidence to re-enforce the conclusion is being found ever more frequently. So the obvious conclusion that we’re faced with here is that the academic community is either completely stupid (which is doubtful,) or quite simply not telling us the truth! Maybe they’re just waiting for the right moment…
But before we try and find where the answers to our puzzle may lie, let’s investigate what kind of body of evidence for an Ancient civilization of advanced technology actually does exist, in what form it takes and whether we are presented with anything that truly cannot be explained. And as you will see, the evidence that our entire history is wrong is indeed quite vast and comes in a great variety of forms. 

Wake up !!!!

“If you are thinking 1 year ahead, plant seeds
If you are thinking 10 years ahead, plant a tree
If you are thinking 100 years ahead, educate the people.”